In the final rush of 2019 some of our studies made it to publication. This particular study - an observational prospective cohort study - explored the association between concussion or musculoskeletal injuries, and the onset of mental health symptoms (MHS) in male professional rugby players over a 12-month period.
Methods
In this prospective study we assessed mental health symptoms as well as injuries and concussions at three measurements over a follow-up period of 12 months. Number of musculoskeletal injuries and number of confirmed concussions were assessed through single questions. Symptoms of distress, anxiety/depression, sleep disturbance, adverse alcohol use and eating disorders were assessed using validated questionnaires.
At baseline, 573 participants provided informed consent. A total of 327 male professional rugby players (62% forwards, 38% backs) completed all follow-up assessments at baseline, 6 months and 12 months. The mean (±SD) age, height and weight of the participants at baseline was 25.9 (±4.4) years, 184.9 (±8.7) cm and 101.5 (±14.6) kg, respectively.
Results
Professional rugby players who sustained a concussion within 12 months of baseline were more likely to develop mental health symptoms with ORs ranging from 1.5 (95% CI 1.0 to 2.1) for distress to 2.0 (1.2 to 3.6) for adverse alcohol use. Players who sustained a severe injury within 12 months of baseline were more likely to develop symptoms anxiety/ depression with an OR of 1.5 (1.1 to 2.0). There was no significant association in both groups for other mental health symptoms.
In conclusion
Rugby players who sustained concussion or severe injuries are up to two times more likely to develop symptoms of distress, adverse alcohol use or anxiety/depression.
How might these outcomes impact clinical practice in the future?
These findings stress the need that rugby players and stakeholders (coaches, medical staff etc) be more vigilant for the adverse psychological impact of concussion.
Proactive psychological support should be considered to rugby players who have been concussed as the effects of concussion on mental health are re-emphasised.
Reference
Kilic, Ö., et al. (2019). "Impact of concussion and severe musculoskeletal injuries on the onset of mental health symptoms in male professional rugby players: a 12-month study." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 5(1).
The full article can be accessed here (open access)